President's DNA Initiative Sexual Assault Medical Forensic Examinations
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Operational Issues > Timing Considerations for Collecting Evidence

Timing Considerations for Collecting Evidence

Recommendations at a glance for health care providers and other responders to maximize evidence collection: 

  • Whether or not evidence is collected for the sexual assault evidence collection kit, examiners should obtain the medical forensic history, examine patients, and document findings (with patients' consent). Patients' demeanor and statements related to the assault should also be documented. 
  • Examine patients promptly to minimize loss of evidence and identify medical needs and concerns Make decisions about whether to collect evidence and what to collect on a case-by-case basis, guided by knowledge that outside time limits for obtaining evidence vary. 
  •  
  • Responders should seek education and resources to aid them in making well-informed decisions about evidence collection. 



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: Timing Considerations for Collecting Evidence > Importance of the history and exam findings

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  • This section: Timing Considerations for Collecting Evidence (Adobe PDF)
  • Full document: A National Protocol for Sexual Assault Medical Forensic Examinations (Adobe PDF)
  • Goals of the Protocol
    • Roles of Responsders
  • Recommendations at a Glance
    • Goal of the Protocol
    • Overarching Issues
    • Operational Issues
    • The Examination Process
  • Overarching Issues
    • Coordinated Team Approach
      • Dual purpose of the exam
      • Key responders and their role
      • Quality assurance measures
    • Victim-Centered Care
      • Patient priorty as an emergency case
      • Patient privacy
      • Exam adapted to patients' needs and circumstances
      • Issues commonly faced by patients from specific populations
      • Importance of victim services within the exam process
      • Importance of personal support persons in the exam room
      • Requests for a responder of a specific gender
      • Explanation of procedures during the exam process
      • Integration of medical and forensic exam procedures
      • Patient safety during the exam process
      • Information patients can review at their conveniance
      • Physical comfort needs of patients
    • Informed Consent
      • Seeking informed consent as appropriate
      • Obtaining consent from specific populations
    • Confidentiality
      • Scope and limitations of confidentiality
      • Building understanding of confidentiality issues
      • Impact of Federal privacy laws
      • Difficulties in maintaining confidentiality
    • Reporting to Law Enforcement
      • Making the decision to report
      • Consequences of reporting
      • Alternatives to standard reporting procedures
      • Promoting a victim-centered process
    • Payment for the Examination under VAWA
  • Operational Issues
    • Sexual Assault Forensic Examiners
      • Specific knowledge, skills, and attitutes
      • Minimum standards for advanced educational and clinical requirements
    • Facilities
      • Obligation to serve patients
      • Use of specially educated and clinically prepared examiners
      • Optimal site locations
      • Basic requirements
      • Patient transfers
    • Equipment and Supplies
      • Availability of specfic equipment and supplies
      • Cost barriers
    • Sexual Assault Evidence Collection Kit
      • Minimum guidelines for contents
      • Standardized kits
    • Timing Considerations for Collecting Evidence
      • Importance of the history and exam findings
      • Prompt exam to minimize loss of evidence
      • Decisions made on a case-by-case basis
      • Resources for responders
    • Evidence Integrity
      • Policies to dry, package, label, and seal evidence
      • Evidence transfer policies
      • Storage policies
      • Documentation of evidence
  • The Examination Process
    • Initial Contact
      • Consensus among agencies regarding procedures
      • Essential activities
    • Triage and Intake
      • Priority cases
      • Acute care needs
      • Alerting examiners
      • Contacting advocates
      • Safety concerns upon arrival of patients at the site
      • Immediate medical and mental health interventions
    • Documentation by Health Care Personnel
      • Completion
      • Education for examiners
    • The Medical Forensic History
      • Coordination of history taking and investigative interviewing
      • Presence of advocates during the history
      • Patient needs addressed prior to and during history
      • Obtaining the history
    • Photography
      • Extent
      • Photographers and equipment
      • Patient comfort and privacy
      • Explanation of photography procedures
      • Taking photographs
    • Exam and Evidence Collection Procedures
      • Forensic purpose of the exam
      • Collecting as much evidence as possible
      • Issues related to consent to sexual contact
      • Testing of biological evidence
      • Exposure to infectious materials and evidence contamination
      • Importance of semen evidence
      • Addressing patient needs' and concerns
      • Explanation of exam and evidence collection procedures
      • Conducting the exam and documenting findings
      • Evidence to submit to the crime lab for analysis
      • Other evidence
      • Medical specimens separate from forensic specimins
    • Drug-Facilitated Sexual Assault
      • Training and development of policies
      • Response to voluntary use of drugs and/or alcohol
      • Circumstances in which testing may be indicated
      • Explanation of testing procedures
      • Collecting samples
      • Toxicology labs
      • Preservation of evidence and chain of custody
    • STI Evaluation and Care
      • Information on STIs
      • STI testing
      • Prophylaxis against STIs
      • Followup care
      • Concerns about HIV infection
    • Pregnancy Risk Evaluation and Care
    • Discharge and Followup
      • Medical discharge and followup care
      • Coordination among responders prior to discharge
    • Examiner Court Appearances
      • Broad education on court appearances
      • Prompt notification for examiners
      • Pretrial preparation
      • Feedback on testimony
  • Appendix A. Developing Customized Protocols: Considerations for Jurisdictions
  • Appendix B. Creation of Sexual Assault Response Teams
  • Bibliography
  • Sexual Assault Forensic Examiner Technical Assistance Web Site
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